Essay on The Jungle Upton SinclairEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Jungle Upton SinclairEssay Writing Service Essay on The Jungle Upton Sinclair Essay on The Jungle Upton SinclairThe condition of the working class in the US at the beginning of the 20th century was extremely challenging since workers had to struggle for survival on the daily bases that can be clearly seen from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. However, in the course of time, the situation did not change in principle because the US did not conduct systematic socioeconomic reforms that would eliminate conditions for the exploitation of a large group of people by a few for the benefit of the few, while the large part of the population remains at the risk of economic disaster. At this point, the recent economic recession is the best evidence of the lack of such reforms. This is why just like a hundred years ago, the US still faces the problem of the social injustice with the severe exploitation of employees, whose only source of income is scarce wages, while a few families concentrate in their hands the lion share of the national wealth and have a considerable and det erminant impact not only on the US economy but also politics.The Jungle by Upton Sinclair does not just show horrors of the life of American workers on the dawn of the 20th century but also and mainly the book uncovers intrinsic pitfalls of the capitalist system of the US, where workers and employees are doomed to struggle for survival, while the upper-class rips off a lion share of the national wealth. In such a way, the analysis of the condition of the working class in the US leads the author to the only conclusion that the US socio-economic and political system needs changes with the shift toward socialist state, where the government can take responsibility for citizens and the national wealth should be redistributed wisely and fairly.At the same time, The Jungle gives multiple implications to the contemporary labor relations which are still vulnerable to the same pitfalls which persist because of the nature of the US capitalist system and traditions of the US labor relations. Fi rst of all, Sinclair shows clearly the wide gap between the employer and the employee. The main character of the book is struggling for survival, while owners of plants rip off high profits and stay wealthy. In such a way, the author clearly shows the wide gap between the rich and poor in the US, which is actually the gap between owners of businesses and their employees. In actuality, this trend persists, although it is not so obvious as it used to be in the past. In fact, the gap between owners of business and employees was the distinct feature of capitalism and this gap could be easily traced since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the US (Zinn 143). More important, the beginning of the industrial revolution accelerated the widening gap between owners of businesses and large corporations, on the one hand, and workers on the other.Furthermore, the author of The Jungle raises the issue of the workplace safety and conditions of work of workers in the meatpacking industry in Chicago in the early 20th century and reveals that conditions of work were unbearable. Employees worked for twelve or fourteen hours. Employers recruited workers at the possibly lower price, even if workers were not trained to work in the meatpacking industry. For example, the child labor was a norm, although children were not always physically capable to afford working in meatpacking companies. As a result, they faced a higher risk of injuries in the workplace environment.In fact, Sinclair shows that the workplace safety was extremely low and employees were at the high risk of injury as was the case of Jurgis friends, family members and Jurgis himself. At the same time, the injury of workers often meant the loss of job that proves that the early 20th century workers were not protected in their rights. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that legal acts that legally protected employees, who suffered injuries or had disabilities, were introduced only in the late 20th ce ntury, for example the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Faragher 210). Therefore, the negligence of employers and lack of concerns about their employees’ health was a norm in the US in the past and this attitude has persisted, to a significant extent today, since many employers are dissatisfied with the growing pressure on them in terms of the enhancement of the workplace safety environment. The lack of attention to the safety of employees from the part of employers was the evidence of their indifference in relation to employees, even if employees suffered severe injuries leading to disabilities or death. Researchers (Zinn 145) explain such indifference by the traditionally high level of individualism in the US society which originates from the colonization era and frontier time.In addition, the poor work place safety and indifference of employers to the life and health of their workers was also the evidence of the lack of the social security. For example, when Jurgis suffered the injury and could not work, he was just fired and he had not got any means for living. His employer did not even try to offer him some compensations. Therefore, his employer viewed him as a mere tool that he used for his personal enrichment. The owner of the company was interested in increase of his wealth and he did grow richer, while workers kept living in poverty struggling for survival and having no social security that means that they could not count on any support from the part of the company or government, if they suffered injuries, fell ill or retired.Furthermore, the book also uncovers such problems as sexual harassment, as was the case of Jurgis’ sister, who was sexually abused by her boss, although she was a minor. In fact, she had no other choice because the work was the only way for her to survive. The problem of the sexual harassment was a norm because the attempt of Jurgis to regain justice and revenge on his sister’s boss resulted in Jurgis ’ imprisonment.All these facts reveal the poor protection of employees’ rights or the lack of such rights. In fact, the early 20th century employment relations were characterized by the poor protection of employees’ rights and lack of such rights and the story described by Sinclair became the precursor of the Great Depression. However, this story revealed roots of problems that eventually led to the Great Depression. Sinclair shows that the US had systematic, intrinsic pitfalls that were deep-rooted in the American socioeconomic system based on principles of open market economy and capitalism. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that employees were in a disadvantaged position in all industries. For example, when Jurgis experienced the work of a farm worker, he found out that farm workers had no chance for stable and good life based on high income because farmers need them as long as they need their labor and this is the case of all industries. This tr end was very strong during the industrial revolution and the early 20th century in the US. More important, this trend persists today.The major problem of the capitalist system uncovered by Sinclair and that really existed in the early 20th century as well as it exists now is the problem of the social injustice caused by the focus of employers on their well-being regardless of needs of employees. In fact, the only purpose of employers described by Sinclair was to maximize their profits. This is why they employed children, did not care about workplace safety and health of their employees. Instead, they viewed their employees as mere commodities, which they used to grow richer.Moreover, the state supported employers and stood for their interests rather than for interests of employees. At this point, it is possible to return to the case of the rape of Jurgis’ sister by her boss. Jurgis was arrested immediately for his attempt to revenge on the rapist. The police reacted immediate ly, when the life and health of a rich person was at stake. On the other hand, the police did nothing to investigate the case of the rape and prosecute the rapist. This case is the evidence that the socioeconomic injustice and the privileged position of the rich, on the one hand, and the oppressed position of the poor, on the other, was maintained by the state through the criminal justice system, laws and policies conducted by the state. Such injustice could be traced throughout the history of the US, especially starting from the industrial revolution, when social inequalities became particularly obvious due to the fast enrichment of the few at cost of the pauperization of a large part of the US society.Thus, the book Jungle by Upton Sinclair reveals the social injustice that persisted in the US in the early 20th century. However, the book raises many issues, which are still relevant today, such as the workplace safety, employees’ rights, labor relations, government policies in relation to labor relations, sexual harassment, social security and injustice and many other important issues. Upton Sinclair shows the desperate position of the working class in the US and clearly indicates the shift to socialism as the only solution to the problem of social injustice. In this regard, his solution is debatable but the point is that problems raised by Sinclair in his book were and, to a certain extent, are relevant and affect many people. The economic disparity and the unfair redistribution of the national wealth is the major problem that causes other issues and widens gaps between the rich and the poor in the US.

Numerical Expressions

Numerical Expressions Numerical Expressions Numerical Expressions By Sharon There are many expressions in English which reflect our need to classify and put a value on items. Here are a few: First water This is most often heard in the phrase a diamond of the first water. The expression means the best quality. The best diamonds are nearly as clear as water, and this is the origin of the expression. Second fiddle This expression means a secondary role, as in She played second fiddle to her best friend. The lead violinist sounds the notes that guide the rest of the orchestra, so this position is more important than the second violin or second fiddle. Third degree When youre given the third degree, you get a verbal grilling. No ones quite sure where the expression originates, but a popular tale has it that the third degree of masonry was difficult to attain and candidates had to answer a lot of questions in order to attain it. Fourth estate The fourth estate is the press, as distinct from the other three estates in the UK. The other three are the spiritual lords, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Fifth column This expression is reportedly of Spanish origin. During the Spanish Civil War, a general who was leading four columns of his army to fight, claimed to have a fifth one in Madrid. The expression refers to a group of people who support their countrys enemies. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?"Certified" and "Certificated"8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Discuss the Commonalities and Differences Between Communist Economy Essay

Discuss the Commonalities and Differences Between Communist Economy 1976 and Social Market Economy after 1976 in China - Essay Example Under this system government approved the private ownership of means of production. As means of production are handled by the government before 1976, there was always the intervention of government in whatever is done. But with the emergence of socialist market economy, the role of the government shrank into making laws. Under communist economy people were reluctant to work as they were deprived of owning property and the developments that the country received under such a system was too little. When people were allowed to have private property, the made the best use of the resources and this period witnessed the thriving of the Chinese economy. In the communist economy, it was the government that controlled the market mechanism but under social market economy the market forces such as supply and demand took the place of government. When the communist economy tried to bring everything under the control of the government without any consideration to its citizen, the social market econ omy envisages at the formation of a welfare state in which individuals are given priority in all the aspects. Communist economy was upheld only by a simple majority of China, but social market economy has been welcomed by all category of the society. 3. How did China become an industrialised economy with in the last four decades? An economy becomes industrialised only when an agrarian society turns into industrial society with social change and economic development. The endeavour China made to reach its destination of a developed economy has been in its culmination for the last couple of decades. In all the areas, the performance of China was spectacular. The first and foremost factor that can be attributed to the success of China in this arena is the rapid expansion of international trade. International trade was accelerated as a result of gradual and incremental trade reforms and opening up of the economy for international trade. As a result, the Foreign Direct Investment increase d. China being a vast country had resources in abundant. Moreover the labour also was cheaper as compared to other developing countries. The decision to use the resources properly helped the development of domestic industries. China’s factory outputs vary from cotton textiles to railway locomotives, jet planes and computers. As the largest economy in terms of population, there is greater demand for commodities in China. In one hand it is a good market for foreign companies and on the other a good supplier as well. The amount china spend in the area of education is huge. The well educated works being more productive contribute towards the industrialisation of the country. The amount China invests for research and development is really note worthy. Advanced technologies help it to produce commodities cost efficiently. Chinese products has got good demand world wide as these products are competent to the products of other industrialised countries. However, it is the decision of the government to open up the economy for foreign countries that helped the fast industrialization. 4. Write a critical note on China’s SOE reforms. The state owned enterprises in China were capable of producing a wide range of consumer goods domestically. The commodities so produced were capable of satisfying the local demands sufficiently. However it had more drawbacks than these advantages. The persons who were at the top of the party were the ones who controlled these enterprises. Since most of them were

Satan and Dr. Faustus, overreachers in their own different ways Term Paper

Satan and Dr. Faustus, overreachers in their own different ways - Term Paper Example In Paradise Lost, it is seen that Satan had to exercise his own will, and this was in contrary to the will of God, â€Å"thou against his thy will/ chose freely† (Eliot, 8). All creatures of God who fall in Paradise Lost are â€Å"sufficient to have stood, though free to fall (Fluchereand Henri, 32). Festus  a man, who is brilliant, tends to have reached the natural knowledge limits. He is an early sixteenth century scholar in Wittenburg, the German city (Gregg, 5). He is fiery, arrogant and has a thirst for knowledge. Faustus as an intellectual, who is familiar with issues such as demon astrology and summoning that is usually not taken to be an academic subjects by the current universities. It is seen that Faustus makes a decision of selling his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge and earthly power as well as 24 years as an additional life (Sachs and Ariel, 31). He goes on to waste his time on low tricks and self-indulgence. Faustus is seen to be the key character in the play, which consists of few characters that are seen to be truly developed. From the Hebrew, destroyer, mephitz and liar, tophel, Cunning and Craft devil. He is the devil who appears at the summoning of Faustus', as well as the devil that has the role of serving Faustus for a period of 24 years. In Mephostophilis, also referred to as Miphostophiles or Mephistopheles, as well as Mephisto, tends to be a latecomer in the recognized demons’ hierarchy. He was created possibly for the legend, Faustus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play of Marlowe, Mephostophilis is seen to have layers to his own personality. He broadly admits that ‘‘separation from God is anguish,’’ and is capable of pain and fear. But he is known to be a gleefully evil, who participates at every level in the destruction Faustus. Not only does Mephostophilis influence Faustus to go on to sell his soul; but he as well encourages him to waste his 24 years of power. It is also seen that the Servant to Faustus steals the books of Faustus and learns how he can summon demons. He tends to be concerned about the fate of his master at the end of the play. Inner turmoil of Faustus suggests contradicting advice to him at major points. Their characters as well reflect the belief of Christian that humans have been assigned guardian angels, and in this context, the devil has the capacity of influencing the human thoughts. Satan. "Lucifer" original known as Venus, refers to the brilliance of the planet. In Christian context, Lucifer is sometimes believed to be another name of Satan. Some traditions believe that Lucifer was the name of Satan before the fall, while the Catholic Church Fathers held that Lucifer was not the proper name of Satan but instead a word indicating a the beauty and brilliance of his station before the fall. He appears at a few choice moments in Doctor Faustus, and Marlowe uses "Lucifer" as Satan's proper name (Weil, Judith and Marlowe, 14). Satan broadly admi ts that God created him, and he was seen denying this at other occasions, and he never rebelled due to God was unjust, but because his ambition caused him to desire to overreach his place. More so, he is seen to admit that he was at will in choosing that his pride forbids him to repent. Furthermore, if he might repent, later his ambition might again result to a rebellion as well as

Absolute Power Does NOT Corrupt Absolutely Essay -- Lord Actor

A man named Lord Actor once said, "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men." This means that giving a person some power can turn them into a bad person. However, giving someone absolute power will always corrupt some and that these people are always bad. Knowing what the quote means the question remains, is the quote true? The answer is no. "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men." This is because nothing is always anything, a person’s bad deeds can be outdone by good deeds, and corruption is a matter of opinion. Nothing in the world we live in is always anything. Even though there is what we call "facts," even those facts are sometimes disproven with other facts showing the falsity of that fact. This same idea can be applied to the idea that a person given absolute power will always be corrupted. Just as it does not always rain when it is supposed to, an absolute monarch is not always bad. If there is even one example that shows otherwise, you might come to the conclusion that the statement is false, and that example is Maria Theresa. When Maria Theresa came into power she deemed herself an "absolute monarch" in order to have more control over her people, but she used this absolute power to create many successful reforms such as making the feudal system fairer to the serfs and giving them rights. One of those rights was limiting the amount of time they could work per day. Maria thought this would improve productivity and living standards. Reforms such as these made her country prosperous dur ing her rule. Phillip II, Louis XIV, and Fredrick II were all the same way, they may have shown some sign of c... ...versal definition of what is right and wrong. This is impossible due to the fact that ones perception of right and wrong is made from their own personal experiences and what they have learned. This is principally the idea of moral relativity. History is like a giant story book being rewritten over and over to fit the author’s personal view of the topic. Like a new Hollywood movie remake of an older classic, it's the same story but with pinch of the producers opinion. Lord Actor’s statement, "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are always bad." is false because of that. This quote is just showing Lord Actors opinion which happens to be wrong because of wording such as tends, always, and absolutely which dramatically change the meaning of the quote. Nothing is absolutely anything, just like the validity of the quote is zilch.

How Foreign Ownership Has Affected the English Premier League

Introduction The Premier league is the top soccer division in England. It is claimed to be the richest league in the world where some of the most popular players and football teams play. Most professional sports teams that are capable of buying top football players are generally the most successful. Foreign investment in English Premier League teams has become a trend and a way of becoming rich and successful. Most of the clubs in the league are controlled by foreign investors out to make profits. Liverpool F.C was formed in 1892 by John Houlding to play at Anfield after Everton F. C vacated the field. The club is arguably the most successful club in England. It has won 18 First Division titles, 7 FA Cups, 7 League Cups, and 5 European Cups. Liverpool F. C. signed a deal with Prince Faisal Al Saud to initiate and activate an elite commercial collaboration between F6, Liverpool F. C. , and the Richard Petty Nascar Team. Factors of management that are strength to the program Collaborat ion with effective partners is a major strength in the performance of the club.These exclusive collaborations explore collaborative commercial opportunities viable to football, Nascar racing, and interactive media in the Middle East country, Saudi Arabia and the surrounding nations. The Middle East sport market has great potential of growth, as the fan base in the region is growing everyday. The deal will strive to enhance the level of football competition, sports management expertise and soccer players in the region. Among the strategic partnership, plans in mind include the creation of academies and training facilities owned and controlled by Prince Faisal's organization.The framework for collaboration in Nascar has been created to evaluate the expansion of a Nascar racing circuit and Richard Petty racing institutions in the Middle East environs. F6 is one of the leading investors in interactive sports media in Saudi Arabia and has considered this deal as a perfect opportunity to bring in local teams and athletes, and introduce new methods of management and training in sports. It will also provide employment opportunities and innovative reality media production techniques (Foster et al, 2006). Liverpool fans have greatly contributed towards the success of the club.The number of Liverpool fans has increased as a result of celebrating the club’s sale to new owners and also due to the appointment of a new manager Roy Hodgson. The signing of a new player Joe Cole saw the Liverpool website break its previous record of 65 million page views to over 85 million page views. The news of Joe Cole signing raised the page view impressions to over 483,000 in just an hour. In addition, the time that the club’s fan spend in the site increased from five minutes to seven minutes while the average number of page view increased from 4. 5 to 5. 95. Factors of Profitability and viabilityOne of the factors contributing to profitability and viability of Liverpool is t he use of market value approach. This approach has enabled the company to assess its market value and thus evaluate its overall performance (Foster et al, 2006). Other approaches that have also contributed to the clubs success include the Acquisition-Based valuation approach and the Sabermetrics technique. The Acquisition-Based valuation approach assists in making viable acquisition for the club while the sabermetrics is very useful in the evaluation of players’ performance and the overall performance of the club (Foster et al, 2006).As a result, Liverpool F. C. debts have almost doubled to ? 86m based on the latest financial reports. The club has however recorded an increase in profits after making losses the previous year. The club’s annual accounts show a pre-tax profit of ? 10. 2m in 2008, which is an increase fro the previous year in which the club made a loss of ? 21. 7m. Application of Triangulation to gain an accurate value of the club Technological development and growth has been one of the most effective ways of using triangulation to gain accurate value for Liverpool.The club launched Assigra’s agentless backup and recovery hardware, Televaulting that prides a back-up for data in a disc. Liverpool was in the past using legacy tape-based backup and disaster recovery (DR). The use of the new software is aimed at increasing the speed of back up and recovery and provides a guarantee 100% success rate in recovering lost data. The old system was limiting in that every time a back up of the i-series based ticketing system took place, the whole system had to be shut down. This was greatly inconveniencing because the backups were limited to once a day only.The club had to think of a way of recovering data in case it was lost in an effective manner (Turner, 2007). The new backup system now safe guard vital business data across Liverpool FC’s major sites: Anfield, Melwood and Academy. Changes to improve value Liverpool introduced a new approach to training in order to ascend and stay at the top of English and European football. The owners of the club have created the position of Director of football strategy in a bid to ensure that the club maintains a top position in English football.Although the Director of football strategy is the most unpopular post in English football, the new owners of Liverpool view this as the most appropriate strategy to run the club. The owners have introduced the principles of sabermetrics, which are very successful in baseball. Sabermetrics is defined as the analysis of baseball based on objective evidence, particularly baseball statistics that evaluate the in-game activity as opposed to industry activity such as attendance. It is thus a set of statistics that is used to assess the overall performance of a player or team.For instance, Top player ratings normally referred to, as Batter-Fielder/Pitcher Wins is a rating used to evaluate the value of baseball players and to facilitate the comparison of players against each other, despite playing for different teams or different positions. Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) is a metric that measures hitters contribution (offensive) and Pitchers contribution in a team compared to a fictitious average player (Turner, 2007). This measurement is used to evaluate a payer’s Replacement level. The use of these quantitative metrics n football has transformed Liverpool F. C. for the better. Events from 1997 to 2003 and principles of improvement Gerard Houllier, the former French national team manager, was introduced into the Liverpool management team for the 1998–99 season to work alongside Roy Evans. Evans did not find the deal favorable to him and decided to quit in November of 1998. The club became a founder member of the G-14 group of clubs in September 2000. The organization was formed to create a united voice to air their opinions and suggestions to soccer governing bodies FIFA and UEFA.Liverpool rema ined an active member of the G-14 clubs until it was disbanded in 2008. In its place, the European Club Association was established. The 2000-01 season was one of the best Liverpool’s seasons in the clubs history. The players Owen, Fowler, Gerrard and Hyypia played a role to the club’s third place finish and hence a qualification to play in the champion league. The club also won the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup, together with the charity shield and the European Super Cup in 2001.Liverpool finished as number two in the premier league 2001–02 season, their best league finish since 1991, but was subjected to a embarrassing defeat in the League Cup Third Round by Grimsby Town. The Clubs manager Houllier suffered a serious heart problem, which made him inactive in the club for three months beginning from November. How sale of the club will affect the strategic direction The sale of the club by CFO will affect my strategic direction in several ways. The sale of the club might affect the value of the club depending on the effect it will have on the stakeholders of the club.If the fans are not happy with the sale, then the clubs fan-base will be affected. Fewer fans will visit the club’s website leading to a fall in the club’s earnings. Some investors might feel cheated and withdrawal their support for the club. This will affect the equity value of the club. The sale of the club will thus affect the overall running of the club including the approaches used by the management. Factors that would underlie the changes and research to strengthen the recommendations There are two factors that would underlie the changes in Liverpool football club.The two factors are change of the valuation approach in acquisition and accounting for player-related payments.. Acquisition-Based Valuation Approach is the best approach to consider when determining any acquisition for the club. This approach involves considering similar previous acquisitions b efore making an investment (Foster et al, 2006). Ability to account for all player-payments greatly contributes towards the appropriate management of the club. Some of the sources of player-payments include, sign-on bonus, transfer fees, and match fees. ConclusionLiverpool football club s one of the most successful clubs in English football. The club has been successful as a result of its effective management and overall business strategies. The new owners have introduced new approaches in management as well as the training of the players. One of the newly introduced approach, sabermetrics, has provided the best evaluation and assessment criteria for both the club as well as the individual performance of the players. The cub has also adopted a new method, Televaulting, for backup and data recovery. The new method ensures that vital business data is safe and secure.

Sustainability And Corporate Social Responsibility

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